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Theories updated or fact-checked in the last 30 days — reflecting new evidence, revised verdicts, and editorial improvements.

  1. Government & PoliticsUnsubstantiated

    October Surprise 1980 Claims

    Claims that Reagan campaign representatives secretly interfered with Iran hostage negotiations before the 1980 election.

    Sep 11, 2026
    fact-checked
  2. Technology & SurveillanceConfirmed

    Cambridge Analytica

    A UK-based political consulting firm that harvested Facebook data of up to 87 million users through a personality quiz app, then used the data for psychographic targeting on behalf of the Trump 2016 campaign and Leave.EU.

    Sep 11, 2026
    fact-checked
  3. History & Ancient CivilizationsDebunked

    Smithsonian Giants

    Claims that the Smithsonian hid giant human skeletons to suppress alternative history.

    Sep 11, 2026
    fact-checked
  4. History & Ancient CivilizationsPartially True

    Michael Jackson Death Conspiracy Theories

    Michael Jackson died on June 25, 2009, from acute propofol and benzodiazepine intoxication. His personal physician Dr. Conrad Murray was convicted of involuntary manslaughter in November 2011 and sentenced to four years in prison. The established facts of Murray's criminal conviction represent real wrongdoing. Two conspiracy framings extend beyond the established facts: that AEG Live (the concert promoter) bore deliberate corporate responsibility for Murray's actions and effectively caused Jackson's death; and that Jackson faked his death and remains alive. The first framing was litigated in civil court (Katherine Jackson v. AEG Live, 2013) and the jury found in AEG's favour. The second is a documented false claim refuted by the Los Angeles County coroner's findings, death certificate, and autopsy.

    Sep 11, 2026
    fact-checked
  5. Health & MedicineUnsubstantiated

    Disease X World Government Claims

    Claims that Disease X preparedness is proof of a planned pandemic or world-government takeover.

    Sep 11, 2026
    fact-checked
  6. Government & PoliticsUnsubstantiated

    MH370: Deliberate Pilot Action Hypothesis

    One prominent hypothesis for the disappearance of Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370 on 8 March 2014 is that Captain Zaharie Ahmad Shah deliberately depressurised the cabin, incapacitated or killed the passengers and crew, and flew the aircraft south into the remote Indian Ocean until fuel exhaustion. This hypothesis — most publicly argued by journalist William Langewiesche in The Atlantic in 2019 — is consistent with some evidence but is not supported by conclusive proof. No motive has been established, no suicide note was found, and the recovered debris does not definitively establish pilot intent.

    Sep 11, 2026
    fact-checked
  7. Government & PoliticsUnder Investigation

    USS Liberty Cover-Up Claims

    Claims that the USS Liberty attack involved intentional targeting and later cover-up beyond official findings.

    Sep 11, 2026
    fact-checked
  8. Finance & EconomicsConfirmed

    FTX customer-fund commingling and Alameda backdoor (2019-22)

    FTX, the cryptocurrency exchange founded by Sam Bankman-Fried (SBF), secretly transferred billions in customer deposits to its affiliated trading firm Alameda Research, which used the funds for investments, loans to executives, and political donations. When Alameda's balance sheet leaked in November 2022, a bank run ensued and FTX collapsed. SBF was convicted on seven counts of fraud and conspiracy in November 2023 and sentenced to 25 years. Testimony from co-conspirators Caroline Ellison and Gary Wang confirmed the Alameda auto-liquidation exemption and the deliberate nature of the commingling.

    Sep 11, 2026
    fact-checked
  9. Science & EnvironmentUnsubstantiated

    Cloud-Seeding Disaster Attribution Claims

    Claims that floods, storms, droughts, or aviation accidents were caused by cloud seeding or weather modification.

    Sep 11, 2026
    fact-checked
  10. Government & PoliticsConfirmed

    Catholic Church Abuse: The Systemic Cover-Up

    Grand jury investigations, royal commissions, and independent journalism across multiple countries have established that the Catholic Church institutionally concealed the sexual abuse of children by clergy over decades, routinely transferring offending priests between parishes rather than reporting them to civil authorities. The Boston Globe Spotlight team's 2002 investigation, the Pennsylvania Grand Jury Report (2018), the Australian Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse (2013–2017), and the John Jay Report (2004, commissioned by the US Conference of Catholic Bishops) collectively document the institutional pattern. This is a confirmed institutional cover-up backed by court records, government commission findings, and Pulitzer Prize-winning journalism.

    Sep 11, 2026
    fact-checked
  11. Government & PoliticsDebunked

    Pelosi Attack October 2022 Narrative

    On October 28, 2022, David DePape broke into the San Francisco home of House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and attacked her husband Paul Pelosi with a hammer. Within hours, several right-wing figures including Elon Musk and Donald Trump Jr. circulated alternative framings suggesting the attack was staged, a sexual encounter gone wrong, or that glass in the door was broken from the inside by Paul Pelosi himself. San Francisco Police body-camera footage, a federal indictment, the SF District Attorney's filings, DePape's own trial testimony, and a unanimous federal jury conviction in May 2024 all contradict these narratives.

    Sep 11, 2026
    fact-checked
  12. Government & PoliticsPartially True

    Kony 2012: The Invisible Children Campaign

    In March 2012, the NGO Invisible Children released a 29-minute documentary calling for the arrest of Lord's Resistance Army leader Joseph Kony. The video reached 100 million views in six days — the fastest a YouTube video had spread to that point. Underlying LRA atrocities (child soldiers, abductions, killings) are extensively documented by the UN, ICC, and human-rights organisations. Critics raised substantive objections: the information was outdated (Kony had left Uganda by 2006), the framing oversimplified a complex conflict, Invisible Children's spending breakdown drew scrutiny, and the campaign's "white savior" framing was widely criticised. A US Congress bill supporting deployment of military advisers to assist the African Union mission passed before the video; the campaign amplified public and legislative attention to the LRA. The underlying claim about LRA war crimes is solidly documented; the campaign's proposed solution and framing are legitimately contested.

    Sep 11, 2026
    fact-checked
  13. Science & EnvironmentDebunked

    Food-Plant Fire Conspiracy Claims

    Claims that fires or accidents at food facilities prove a coordinated plan to create shortages.

    Sep 11, 2026
    fact-checked
  14. History & Ancient CivilizationsUnsubstantiated

    Kim Jong-un Body Double Claims

    Recurring claims — circulating most intensely during Kim Jong-un's extended absence from public view in 2014 and again during a two-week disappearance in 2020 — assert that one or more body doubles routinely substitute for the North Korean leader in public appearances. Evidence cited includes perceived variations in facial features across years (particularly ear-shape analysis and apparent weight-gain/loss cycles), gait changes, and a general argument from the known authoritarian-leader tradition of using doubles for security. South Korean intelligence (NIS) has not confirmed the claim; NK News, Reuters, AP, and BBC cover the gaps in what can be verified. The theory is treated here as plausible-but-unverifiable speculation.

    Sep 11, 2026
    fact-checked
  15. Technology & SurveillanceDebunked

    TWA Flight 800

    TWA Flight 800 (Boeing 747) exploded and crashed off Long Island on July 17, 1996, killing all 230 aboard. The NTSB ruled the cause was an ignition of flammable fuel-air vapor in the center wing fuel tank. Claims of a Navy missile strike or terrorist attack have persisted.

    Sep 11, 2026
    fact-checked
  16. Health & MedicinePartially True

    Trans Youth Care Suppression Claims

    Two opposing suppression narratives circulate about pediatric gender-affirming care. The first holds that established, evidence-based care is being suppressed by transphobic state legislation (partially supported: more than 20 US states have enacted restrictions or bans since 2021). The second holds that the evidence base for pediatric transition interventions is itself weaker than advocacy bodies have claimed, and that clinicians and medical associations have suppressed this uncertainty (partially supported: the UK's independent Cass Review, published April 2024, found the evidence base "remarkably weak" and recommended a more cautious, individualized approach). This is a contested, ongoing medical-evidence debate with real factual stakes on multiple sides.

    Sep 11, 2026
    fact-checked
  17. Government & PoliticsDebunked

    FEMA Camps

    Claims that FEMA maintains secret detention camps for political dissidents or mass internment.

    Sep 11, 2026
    fact-checked
  18. Technology & SurveillancePartially True

    OpenAI 2023 Board Coup Claims

    On November 17 2023, the OpenAI board of directors fired CEO Sam Altman without warning, triggering a five-day crisis in which nearly 700 employees threatened mass resignation and Microsoft pressured the board to reinstate him. Altman was reinstated on November 21 with a reconstituted board. Multiple framings of the event circulate as conspiracy claims: an "AI safety coup" by board members who believed Altman was recklessly commercialising dangerous technology; a "Microsoft-orchestrated power grab" to install compliant leadership; and allegations that board member Helen Toner's academic paper criticising OpenAI was the proximate trigger. Evidence partially supports the safety-framing; the Microsoft-coup framing is more contested; Toner's paper role is documented but disputed as decisive.

    Sep 11, 2026
    fact-checked
  19. Technology & SurveillanceUnsubstantiated

    Targeted Individuals and Gang Stalking

    Claims by targeted-individual communities that coordinated networks surveil, harass, or electronically attack them.

    Sep 11, 2026
    fact-checked
  20. Technology & SurveillanceUnsubstantiated

    New Jersey Drone Sightings 2024

    In November–December 2024, a wave of unidentified drone sightings over New Jersey and surrounding states generated significant media and political attention. NJ Governor Phil Murphy, FBI, FAA, and DHS acknowledged the sightings but offered no definitive explanation. Multiple theories circulated: foreign-adversary surveillance, US military testing, hobbyist drones, misidentified aircraft. The FBI and DHS investigation concluded that many sightings were explained by misidentified commercial aircraft, hobbyist drones, and stars/planets. The "foreign adversary surveillance" and "advanced military testing" framings remain unsubstantiated.

    Sep 11, 2026
    fact-checked
  21. Health & MedicineDebunked

    Repatha and Statin Suppression Claims

    Claims circulate that pharmaceutical companies or medical institutions suppress Repatha (evolocumab, a PCSK9 inhibitor approved by the FDA in 2015) or effective alternatives to statins. The claim has no documentary basis. Repatha is FDA-approved, actively marketed by Amgen, and available by prescription in more than 60 countries. Its limited uptake relative to statins reflects cost, insurance coverage, and prescribing guidelines — not suppression. Statins remain the first-line standard of care because they are proven, inexpensive, and widely effective; PCSK9 inhibitors are used as second-line or add-on therapy for high-risk patients who cannot tolerate or do not respond adequately to statins.

    Sep 11, 2026
    fact-checked
  22. History & Ancient CivilizationsUnsubstantiated

    Ark of the Covenant Location

    The biblical Ark of the Covenant — a gold-covered wooden chest described in Exodus containing the Ten Commandments — has been claimed to be located variously in Ethiopia (Axum), the Vatican, beneath the Temple Mount, or hidden by the Knights Templar.

    Sep 11, 2026
    fact-checked
  23. Technology & SurveillanceConfirmed

    Pegasus NSO Spyware

    Pegasus is a commercial surveillance software package developed by the Israeli firm NSO Group and sold exclusively to government clients. Its existence and capabilities were first definitively confirmed by Citizen Lab (University of Toronto) forensic analysis beginning in 2016. The 2021 Pegasus Project — a coordinated investigation by Forbidden Stories with Amnesty International and 80 journalists across 17 media organisations — documented over 50,000 phone numbers in a data leak, identifying journalists, human rights activists, lawyers, heads of state, and associates of murdered journalist Jamal Khashoggi as apparent surveillance targets. NSO Group disputes characterisations of misuse; the US Commerce Department added NSO to its Entity List in November 2021; Apple and Meta both filed lawsuits against NSO. The surveillance capabilities are forensically confirmed; the scale of alleged misuse is documented; the specific authorisations for each target remain contested.

    Sep 9, 2026
    fact-checked
  24. Technology & SurveillancePartially True

    The Boeing Whistleblower Deaths (2024)

    In 2024, two men who had raised safety concerns about Boeing aircraft died under circumstances that attracted intense scrutiny. John Barnett, a former Boeing quality manager who was mid-deposition in a lawsuit against the company, was found dead in his pickup truck on March 9 2024 in North Charleston, South Carolina; the Charleston County Coroner ruled the death a self-inflicted gunshot wound. Joshua Dean, a Spirit AeroSystems quality control inspector who had raised concerns about defects in the 737 MAX fuselage, died in May 2024 of a rapid MRSA infection at age 45. The conspiracy framing — that Boeing or its allies eliminated both men to silence their testimony — is the active claim. Official rulings for both deaths are documented; no direct link to Boeing action has been established.

    Sep 9, 2026
    fact-checked
  25. Government & PoliticsPartially True

    South Korea Sewol Ferry 2014: Cover-Up of Government Response Failures

    On April 16, 2014, the MV Sewol capsized off Jindo Island, South Korea, killing 304 people — 250 of them high school students from Danwon High School on a class trip to Jeju Island. The immediate causes were documented: cargo overloaded to three times the legal limit, illegal vessel modifications that reduced stability, crew incompetence, and an instruction to passengers to stay in place rather than evacuate. Captain Lee Jun-seok abandoned ship and was later convicted of murder. The conspiracy claim at issue is not about the sinking itself but about the government's response: the Park Geun-hye administration's delayed and disorganised rescue operation, her unaccounted-for seven-hour absence during the crisis, and subsequent pressure on media to downplay criticism were confirmed by a 2017 Special Investigation Commission established after Park's impeachment. Park was impeached and convicted partly over Sewol-related conduct. A more extreme framing — that the Park administration deliberately sank the Sewol — is not supported by evidence.

    Sep 9, 2026
    fact-checked
  26. History & Ancient CivilizationsDebunked

    Beyoncé Super Bowl Illuminati Symbolism

    Recurring claims assert that Beyoncé's Super Bowl XLVII (2013) and Super Bowl 50 (2016) halftime performances were intentionally packed with Illuminati symbolism — the all-seeing eye, pyramid hand gestures, and other signs of alleged occult affiliation. Researchers, cultural critics, and fact-checkers have consistently demonstrated that the hand triangle gesture is the "Roc-A-Fella diamond," a pre-existing fan and label signal originating with Jay-Z's Roc-A-Fella Records, and that the wider Illuminati conspiracy narrative applied to pop stars carries no evidentiary support and has antisemitic-adjacent roots that analysts at the Anti-Defamation League and Vox have documented in detail.

    Sep 9, 2026
    fact-checked
  27. Government & PoliticsDebunked

    UN Agenda 21 and Agenda 2030

    UN Agenda 21 (1992) and its successor the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (2015, the 17 SDGs) are non-binding, voluntary UN action plans on sustainable development. A conspiracy theory recasts them as a covert blueprint for one-world government, abolition of private property, forced urbanization and depopulation.

    Sep 9, 2026
    fact-checked
  28. Government & PoliticsPartially True

    The Epstein-Maxwell Network and Suppression of Investigation

    Jeffrey Epstein operated a documented criminal network involving the sexual abuse of dozens of minors over many years. In 2008, then-US Attorney Alexander Acosta negotiated a non-prosecution agreement (NPA) that shielded Epstein and unnamed co-conspirators from federal charges, in what a federal judge later ruled violated victims' rights laws. The Miami Herald's 2018 "Perversion of Justice" investigation, by Julie K. Brown, documented systematic obstruction and the NPA's unusual terms. Ghislaine Maxwell was convicted in 2021 on federal trafficking charges. The claim that investigations into broader networks of powerful associates have been suppressed is partially documented — specific obstruction is confirmed; the full extent of prosecutorial suppression and the identity of all beneficiaries of the NPA remain disputed and partially unresolved.

    Sep 9, 2026
    fact-checked
  29. Finance & EconomicsPartially True

    WEF / Davos Great Reset (Specific)

    In June 2020, Klaus Schwab and the World Economic Forum (WEF) published "The Great Reset" agenda — a real document proposing a COVID-19 recovery framework centred on sustainability, stakeholder capitalism, and digital infrastructure. The conspiracy framing holds that "The Great Reset" is a coordinated globalist plan for world takeover, secretly being implemented by governments and corporations in concert with the WEF. What is true: the document and agenda exist, WEF does convene world leaders and executives at Davos, and specific policy proposals within it (central bank digital currencies, digital ID frameworks, ESG disclosure mandates) are active real-world policy debates. What is not supported: the existence of a secret implementation timeline, the claim that governments are covertly executing a WEF master plan, or that Schwab secretly controls heads of state. The ADL has documented that some variants of the WEF conspiracy invoke antisemitic-adjacent framings around Schwab's identity.

    Sep 9, 2026
    fact-checked
  30. Government & PoliticsUnsubstantiated

    Putin Body Double

    The claim that Vladimir Putin uses one or more body doubles — lookalike stand-ins who appear at public events in place of the real president — has circulated persistently since at least 2015 and intensified after Russia's February 2022 invasion of Ukraine. Proponents point to perceived variations in ear shape, facial proportions, gait, voice cadence, and posture across photographs and video appearances. Former Russian political science professor Valery Solovei has publicly made the claim in numerous interviews. The Kremlin denies it. No documentary evidence — photographic, biometric, or testimonial from a confirmed insider — has been produced that definitively establishes the existence of an operational double programme. The claim remains plausible-but-unverified given the opacity of the Russian presidency and the precedent of Soviet-era deception practices.

    Sep 9, 2026
    fact-checked
  31. History & Ancient CivilizationsDebunked

    Madonna and the Illuminati

    The claim that Madonna is a member or agent of the Illuminati has circulated since the early 2010s, based primarily on the appearance of all-seeing-eye imagery, triangle hand gestures, and occult-adjacent stage symbolism in her performances and music videos. Her documented membership in the Kabbalah Centre (a Jewish mystical study group she joined around 1996) has been folded into the theory as presumed evidence of esoteric allegiance. The claim is debunked: the hand gestures pre-date the conspiracy framing and derive from ballroom culture popularised by "Vogue" (1990); all-seeing-eye imagery has a long documented history in mainstream Western art and architecture; the Kabbalah Centre is a documented religious organisation, not an Illuminati front; and the Illuminati as a functioning contemporary organisation does not exist. The ADL has documented that the modern Illuminati conspiracy framework has antisemitic origins that should be understood when evaluating Illuminati-targeting claims.

    Sep 9, 2026
    fact-checked
  32. Government & PoliticsConfirmed

    BBC Jimmy Savile: Institutional Cover-Up

    Jimmy Savile, a BBC presenter and celebrity fundraiser who died in October 2011, was subsequently confirmed by Operation Yewtree (Metropolitan Police, 2012–2016) to have been one of the most prolific sexual offenders in British criminal history, with 450 formal complaints covering offences across BBC studios, NHS hospitals, Broadmoor psychiatric hospital, and Stoke Mandeville Hospital. The Dame Janet Smith Review (2016, commissioned by the BBC) found that senior BBC managers had received complaints about Savile over decades and had failed to act. The Kate Lampard NHS review (2015) documented similar failures across NHS trusts. The BBC's own Newsnight programme had prepared an investigation into Savile's offending in 2011 that was shelved by editors. This is a confirmed institutional cover-up across multiple British public institutions.

    Sep 9, 2026
    fact-checked
  33. Health & MedicinePartially True

    RFK Jr HHS "Vaccine Vault" Claims

    Robert F. Kennedy Jr., confirmed as US Secretary of Health and Human Services in February 2025, has made recurring claims that the federal government possesses hidden or suppressed adverse-event data about vaccines — sometimes described as a "vault" of concealed CDC or FDA data that would, if released, reveal a broader pattern of vaccine harm than is publicly known. The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) is and has long been publicly accessible at vaers.hhs.gov. CDC publishes its vaccine-safety surveillance data through multiple public platforms. HHS and CDC maintain no publicly-disclosed "vault" of suppressed adverse-event data. Specific datasets RFK Jr has cited — including autism-prevalence breakdowns and alleged internal safety signal analyses — are either publicly available or have not been produced as documentary evidence of suppression. The claim that a discoverable vault of hidden data exists is unsubstantiated; questions about specific data granularity and research transparency at federal agencies are a legitimate ongoing policy debate.

    Sep 9, 2026
    fact-checked
  34. Government & PoliticsConfirmed

    China Xinjiang Camps: The CCP Cover-Up of Mass Detention

    Since approximately 2017, the Chinese government has operated a system of mass-detention facilities in Xinjiang targeting Uyghurs and other Turkic Muslim minorities. China initially denied the facilities existed, then described them as voluntary "vocational education and training centres." The UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) August 2022 report found that "serious human rights violations have been committed" and that they "may constitute international crimes, in particular crimes against humanity." The Australian Strategic Policy Institute has documented 380+ individual camp facilities. The 2022 Xinjiang Police Files leak provided internal Chinese government documentation. The CCP cover-up and suppression of reporting is confirmed by multiple authoritative sources; the specific characterisation as "genocide" under international legal definitions remains the subject of academic and political debate.

    Sep 9, 2026
    fact-checked
  35. Health & MedicineDebunked

    5G Health and COVID Claims

    Claims that 5G networks cause COVID-19, immune collapse, or hidden illness patterns.

    Sep 9, 2026
    fact-checked
  36. Health & MedicineDebunked

    Parasite Cleanse Cure Networks

    Claims that hidden parasites cause broad illness and can be cured by detox or cleanse protocols.

    Sep 9, 2026
    fact-checked
  37. Health & MedicineDebunked

    Bill Gates Depopulation Claims

    A persistent cluster of claims links Bill Gates to depopulation or eugenics agendas, most commonly by citing his 2010 TED talk in which he discussed the relationship between healthcare, reproductive services, carbon emissions, and global population growth. In its most common form, the claim misrepresents Gates's actual argument: that improving healthcare and education in developing countries historically correlates with declining birth rates (demographic transition theory). The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation's published focus areas — vaccines, maternal health, agricultural productivity — are oriented toward reducing child mortality and improving living conditions, not population reduction. More extreme variants allege Gates Foundation vaccines are covertly designed as depopulation tools; this framing carries antisemitic-adjacent structural patterns that the ADL has documented. All variants have been repeatedly fact-checked as false or unsupported by Reuters, AP, and Politifact.

    Sep 9, 2026
    fact-checked
  38. Science & EnvironmentPartially True

    The East Palestine Train Derailment and Cover-Up Claims (2023)

    On February 3 2023, a Norfolk Southern freight train derailed in East Palestine, Ohio, sending 38 cars off the tracks. Eleven cars carried hazardous materials including vinyl chloride. On February 6, Norfolk Southern and local officials conducted a controlled burn of vinyl chloride to prevent a potential boiling-liquid expanding-vapor explosion; the burn released hydrogen chloride and phosgene into the air. Conspiracy framings have alleged deliberate media suppression, water test manipulation, and a coordinated cover-up of health impacts. NTSB, EPA, and Ohio EPA investigations found documented response failures. The "deliberate cover-up" framing goes beyond documented negligence and response errors.

    Sep 9, 2026
    fact-checked
  39. Health & MedicineDebunked

    School Vaccine-Exemption Misinformation Claims

    Claims that school vaccine policies are illegal experiments, depopulation tools, or proof of hidden medical control.

    Sep 9, 2026
    fact-checked
  40. Science & EnvironmentDebunked

    Maui Wildfire Land-Grab Claims

    Claims that the Maui/Lahaina wildfires were deliberately caused or exploited as a coordinated land-grab operation.

    Sep 9, 2026
    fact-checked
  41. Science & EnvironmentDebunked

    Climategate: Scientists Fabricated Climate Data (2009)

    In November 2009, thousands of emails from the University of East Anglia's Climatic Research Unit were leaked online. Critics seized on phrases like "hide the decline" and "Mike's Nature trick" as proof that climate scientists had fabricated or manipulated data to manufacture evidence of global warming. Five independent investigations — the UK House of Commons Science and Technology Committee, the Independent Climate Change Email Review (Muir Russell), the Science Assessment Panel (Oxburgh), Penn State University, and the NOAA Inspector General — all cleared the scientists of data fraud or scientific misconduct. The phrases had mundane professional meanings; the underlying temperature datasets have been replicated independently and validated by 17+ years of subsequent observations.

    Sep 9, 2026
    fact-checked
  42. Technology & SurveillanceUnsubstantiated

    Key Bridge Cyberattack Claims

    Claims that the Francis Scott Key Bridge collapse was caused by a cyberattack or coordinated sabotage rather than the documented ship strike investigation.

    Sep 9, 2026
    fact-checked
  43. Health & MedicinePartially True

    1918 Spanish flu origins / Camp Funston theory

    The 1918 influenza pandemic killed an estimated 50-100 million people worldwide. The 'Spanish' label arose not because Spain was the source but because Madrid newspapers — uncensored by wartime press restrictions — reported freely on the outbreak. Three competing origin hypotheses have been advanced: Camp Funston, Kansas (USA); the Étaples British Army camp in France; and a Chinese-labour-corps theory. Genetic phylogenetic analysis has reconstructed the H1N1 genome but has not resolved the geographic origin debate. The origin remains scientifically contested among researchers.

    Sep 9, 2026
    fact-checked
  44. Health & MedicinePartially True

    Cancer-Clinic Suppression Claims

    Claims that clinics, regulators, or pharmaceutical companies suppress alternative cancer cures.

    Sep 9, 2026
    fact-checked
  45. Health & MedicineConfirmed

    Thalidomide Cover-Up

    The 1950s-60s marketing of thalidomide (sedative, anti-nausea for pregnant women) by Chemie Grünenthal (Germany), Distillers (UK), and Richardson-Merrell (US) despite internal knowledge of risks, resulting in ~10,000 birth defects worldwide and a major documented corporate cover-up.

    Sep 5, 2026
    fact-checked
  46. Government & PoliticsPartially True

    The Ahmadi Religion of Peace and Light (AROPL): Cult Allegations

    AROPL is a small new religious movement led by Abdullah Hashem Aba Al-Sadiq, who claims succession to Ahmed Al-Hassan, who himself claimed in the early 2000s to be the Mahdi (the prophesied figure in Islamic eschatology). Multiple ex-members and journalists have documented cult-like high-control dynamics, leader-devotion, financial extraction, and serious allegations against named figures in the leadership. AROPL denies the allegations and continues to operate openly. The movement is unrelated to and frequently confused with the mainstream Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, an established religious community founded in 1889 with no connection to AROPL.

    Sep 5, 2026
    fact-checked
  47. Government & PoliticsPartially True

    Brazil January 8, 2023: Spontaneous Riot vs. Coordinated Coup Attempt

    On January 8, 2023, thousands of supporters of former president Jair Bolsonaro stormed and ransacked the Presidential Palace, the National Congress, and the Supreme Federal Tribunal (STF) in Brasília — Brazil's Three Powers Plaza. Two framings have competed since: that the events were a spontaneous protest that got out of hand; and that they were a coordinated coup attempt with logistical support and advance planning from within Bolsonaro's outgoing administration. Brazilian Federal Police investigations and STF indictments have substantially supported the second framing while acknowledging that many participants were swept up in the moment rather than part of any central conspiracy.

    Sep 5, 2026
    fact-checked
  48. Government & PoliticsDebunked

    Polish Missile Strike (Przewodów, 2022)

    On November 15, 2022, two people were killed in the Polish village of Przewodów, near the Ukrainian border, when a missile struck a grain-drying facility. Initial wire-service reports citing US officials suggested a Russian missile had hit NATO territory. Within 48 hours, Polish, NATO, and US investigations concluded the missile was a Ukrainian S-300 surface-to-air missile that had fallen on Polish territory while attempting to intercept incoming Russian missiles. Poland and NATO publicly stated this was not a deliberate attack by Russia or Ukraine. The "Russia attacked NATO" framing and subsequent counter-claims were debunked by official investigation.

    Sep 5, 2026
    fact-checked
  49. History & Ancient CivilizationsDebunked

    The Super Bowl Is Scripted for Ratings

    A persistent claim holds that the NFL scripts Super Bowl outcomes — and by extension regular-season games — to maximise TV ratings, advertising revenue, and narrative appeal. Proponents argue that blowout scores, suspiciously timed penalties, and convenient underdog storylines are too neat to be coincidental. The claim collapses on multiple factual grounds: actual Super Bowl outcomes include historic blowouts and low-rated matchups that would be counterproductive if ratings were the goal; the conspiracy would require thousands of participants — players, coaches, referees, and executives — to maintain a perfect secret; and no serious investigation has ever produced evidence of coordinated outcome-fixing at the league level.

    Sep 5, 2026
    fact-checked
  50. Science & EnvironmentDebunked

    Hurricane and Weather-Control Claims

    Claims that governments steer or intensify hurricanes using HAARP, cloud seeding, or secret atmospheric technology.

    Sep 5, 2026
    fact-checked