Browse Conspiracy Theories

The Piri Reis map is a genuine 1513 Ottoman world chart, one-third of which survives, that alternative-history writers claim depicts the coastline of Antarctica ice-free—proving a lost advanced or extraterrestrial civilization mapped the planet during the last Ice Age. Cartographic historians instead read the puzzling southern landmass as a distorted, wrapped rendering of South America's coast.

NESARA/GESARA is the belief that a secret law was passed that will cancel all debts, abolish the IRS, release vast hidden 'prosperity funds,' and revalue world currencies once it is finally 'announced.' It began as a real but never-introduced 1990s reform proposal that an internet writer transformed around 2000 into a conspiracy theory that has never once come true.

Göbekli Tepe is a genuine 11,600-year-old megalithic site in southeastern Turkey that pushed monumental architecture back to Stone Age hunter-gatherers. Popular writers, above all Graham Hancock, recast it as proof of a lost technologically advanced civilization, a claim mainstream archaeology does not support.

In 1976 NASA's Viking 1 orbiter photographed a mesa in the Cydonia region of Mars that, under low resolution and slanting sunlight, resembled a humanoid face. Fringe researchers argued it was an artificial monument built by a lost Martian civilization and that NASA covered up the truth, but higher-resolution imaging over the following decades resolved it into an ordinary eroded hill.

On 7 October 2023 Hamas launched a large-scale attack from Gaza into southern Israel, killing approximately 1,200 people and taking roughly 250 hostage. Hamas publicly claimed responsibility. Three distinct conspiracy sub-claims have circulated: (1) Israel had advance warning and deliberately allowed the attack; (2) Israeli casualty figures were fabricated or exaggerated; (3) Israel staged or orchestrated the attack. The first reflects documented intelligence failures with an unverified "deliberate stand-down" extrapolation. The second is contradicted by forensic documentation from multiple international teams. The third is directly contradicted by Hamas's own public claims of responsibility and captured combatant evidence.

Claims that acetaminophen use proves a hidden cause of autism or a suppressed liability conspiracy.

Claims that cashless payments or central bank digital currencies are designed to surveil, freeze, or socially score all citizens.

A placeholder for false or unsupported claims around an alleged Charlie Kirk assassination narrative if such claims circulate.

A loose coalition of researchers and activists who reject the official account of the September 11, 2001 attacks, alleging government foreknowledge, controlled demolition of the World Trade Center, or a staged Pentagon strike.

The theory that the white trails left by aircraft in the sky are not ordinary water vapor contrails, but deliberate chemical or biological agents sprayed for purposes ranging from weather control to population management.

The theory that NASA faked the Apollo moon landings between 1969 and 1972, filming them on a secret movie set rather than actually sending astronauts to the lunar surface.

The belief that Earth is not a globe but a flat disc, and that governments and space agencies worldwide are engaged in a massive cover-up to hide this truth from the public.