Browse Conspiracy Theories

The December 21, 1988 bombing of Pan American World Airways Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland, killing 270 people. Attribution to Libyan intelligence officer Abdelbaset al-Megrahi via 2001 conviction; sub-dispute over whether Megrahi was the primary perpetrator or a scapegoat for a broader Libyan or Iranian operation.

The false claim, most prominently promoted by Alex Jones and Infowars, that the December 14, 2012 Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting in Newtown, Connecticut was staged by "crisis actors" to justify gun control legislation. The shooting killed 20 first-graders and 6 adults.

The claim that the antiparasitic drug ivermectin is an effective COVID-19 treatment being suppressed by pharmaceutical companies, regulators, and hospitals to protect vaccine profits.

The claim, popularized by British writer David Icke from 1999 onward, that a race of shape-shifting reptilian humanoids from Alpha Draconis secretly rule the Earth by posing as political and royal elites including the British Royal Family.

A fabricated antisemitic text, first published in Russia in 1903, claiming to document a Jewish plan for world domination. Extensively proven a forgery — plagiarized from Maurice Joly's 1864 Dialogue aux enfers entre Machiavel et Montesquieu (a satire about Napoleon III, not Jews).

The false claim that the MMR vaccine causes autism, originating in a fraudulent 1998 study by Andrew Wakefield published in The Lancet, which the journal formally retracted in 2010 after investigation revealed data manipulation and undisclosed financial conflicts.

A UK-based political consulting firm that harvested Facebook data of up to 87 million users through a personality quiz app, then used the data for psychographic targeting on behalf of the Trump 2016 campaign and Leave.EU.

The false claim that a child sex-trafficking ring linked to Democratic Party officials operated out of Comet Ping Pong pizzeria in Washington DC, based on misreadings of John Podesta's hacked 2016 emails.

A sprawling conspiracy movement originating on 4chan and 8chan in October 2017, centered on anonymous "Q" posts alleging that a cabal of Satan-worshipping pedophile elites controls government, media, and finance, and that Donald Trump is leading a secret war to expose them.

The hypothesis that SARS-CoV-2 originated from a research-related incident at the Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV) rather than from a natural zoonotic spillover at the Huanan seafood market.

A loose coalition of researchers and activists who reject the official account of the September 11, 2001 attacks, alleging government foreknowledge, controlled demolition of the World Trade Center, or a staged Pentagon strike.

The collection of theories around convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein's 2019 death in federal custody (officially ruled suicide) and the identity of powerful associates implicated in his trafficking network.

Internal documents proved that major tobacco companies knew cigarettes were addictive and caused cancer as early as the 1950s, while publicly denying both for decades. They funded fake research, suppressed internal findings, and targeted youth marketing. Settled via 1998 Master Settlement Agreement ($206 billion).

NATO and CIA-coordinated "stay-behind" paramilitary networks across Western Europe during the Cold War. In Italy, elements were implicated in false-flag terrorism (the "strategy of tension"). Confirmed by Italian PM Giulio Andreotti to Parliament in 1990.

Forty-year (1932-1972) US Public Health Service study of 399 Black men with syphilis in Alabama. Researchers withheld treatment — even after penicillin became standard cure in 1947 — to observe the disease's progression. Exposed by whistleblower Peter Buxtun in 1972.

FBI covert program (1956-1971) that surveilled, infiltrated, discredited, and disrupted American political organizations including the Civil Rights Movement, the Black Panthers, and anti-war groups. Exposed when citizens broke into an FBI field office in 1971.

The second attack in the Gulf of Tonkin (August 4, 1964) — used to justify escalation of the Vietnam War — never happened. Declassified NSA documents (2005) revealed the Johnson administration knew the attack was fabricated.

Reagan administration officials secretly sold arms to Iran (under embargo) and diverted the proceeds to fund Nicaraguan Contra rebels (Congressionally banned). Exposed in 1986; led to 14 convictions.

A CIA program (1953-1973) that conducted illegal, often horrific experiments on unwitting American and Canadian citizens using LSD, hypnosis, sensory deprivation, and torture to research mind control. Declassified in 1977.

The theory that social media platforms deliberately design their algorithms to maximize division, radicalization, and addiction for profit, with full knowledge of the psychological and social harm they cause.

The theory that governments and corporations use smartphones, smart speakers, social media, and other connected devices to conduct mass surveillance on citizens far beyond what is publicly acknowledged.