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For: Vioxx cardiovascular risk and Merck's disclosure (1999-2004)

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  1. Nov 4, 2026 at 12:48 AM

    November 2026: Verdict changed from confirmed to partly true. Vioxx's cardiovascular risk is established and the FDA's 2001 warning letter said Merck's promotion minimised the VIGOR signal, but intent to conceal or play down the risk is unproven. Corrected the death-toll attribution (FDA scientist David Graham's 2004 testimony, not an official FDA estimate), the VIGOR heart-attack figures, the 2011 plea (off-label promotion; $950 million with a civil settlement) and the label-change timeline.

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