Japan

In October 2011, newly appointed Olympus CEO Michael Woodford was fired after questioning $1.7 billion in advisory fees paid on the Gyrus acquisition and three smaller deals. An independent committee report in December 2011 confirmed a $2 billion fraud: a 'tobashi' scheme concealing investment losses accumulated since the 1990s bubble. President Tsuyoshi Kikukawa, executive VP Hisashi Mori, and auditor Hideo Yamada were convicted in March 2013 with three-year suspended sentences. Olympus paid a record ¥700 million fine to the Tokyo Stock Exchange.

Mt. Gox, once the world's largest Bitcoin exchange, collapsed in February 2014 after announcing the loss of approximately 850,000 BTC (then ~$450M; worth billions at later prices). CEO Mark Karpelès initially claimed transaction malleability attacks were responsible. Independent blockchain forensics firm WizSec attributed the losses to systematic key theft beginning in 2011. Karpelès was convicted in March 2019 for data falsification — not theft. Alexander Vinnik, operator of BTC-e (a money laundering exchange), was indicted in 2017 for receiving proceeds of the Mt. Gox theft. The true mechanism remains partially contested.

Claims that Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) and the Japanese government systematically understated radioactive contamination from the March 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster.