The Nazca "Alien Mummy" Claims

Introduction

In September 2023, Mexican journalist and long-time UFO promoter Jaime Maussan presented two small mummified specimens to Mexico's Congress in a highly publicised session. Maussan claimed the remains — which he called "non-human beings" with three-fingered hands, elongated skulls, and proportions differing from Homo sapiens — were recovered from diatomite mines in Cusco, Peru and represented genuine evidence of extraterrestrial life. Photographs and video of the presentation circulated globally within hours, producing enormous media coverage and a new wave of "alien mummy" discourse.

Within weeks, Peruvian and international scientists had provided detailed counter-analyses demonstrating that the specimens were modified pre-Columbian human remains. The episode followed a near-identical pattern to Maussan's previous presentations — including a 2015 claim about a "five-fingered alien" that was subsequently identified as a human child — and illustrated how the intersection of political theatre, media credulity, and deliberate obfuscation can generate global news cycles around false claims.

The Congressional Presentation

The September 2023 session was convened by Mexican congressman Sergio Gutiérrez Luna and was framed as an official scientific presentation. Maussan and his associates displayed two desiccated humanoid specimens enclosed in display boxes, along with X-ray imagery and alleged carbon-dating results suggesting ages of 700–1,800 years. Maussan claimed the specimens were not related to any known earthly species and stated, "These are not beings that were found after a UFO wreckage. They were found in diatom mines and were later fossilised."

The session attracted attention partly because it occurred alongside legitimate Mexican Congressional hearings on UAP transparency, lending it a veneer of official credibility. Several international media outlets initially reported Maussan's claims without significant challenge.

Scientific Analysis and Debunking

Peruvian forensic experts. Within days of the presentation, Peru's National Institute of Health issued a statement describing the specimens as modified human remains. Dr. Flavio Estrada, a forensic archaeologist who led the Peruvian analysis, told Reuters that the specimens were "assemblages" — created from multiple human bones, bound together and shaped to produce a non-human appearance. He described the "three fingers" as human finger bones rearranged or glued to create a three-fingered effect, with missing bones in between. "It is not an extraterrestrial," Estrada told Reuters. "It is a doll made of human bones of children, bound with synthetic glue."

Radiological analysis. X-rays and CT scans performed by independent researchers showed internal bone structures entirely consistent with modified human anatomy, not a novel species. The "elongated skull" — often cited as evidence of non-human origin — is a well-documented form of artificial cranial deformation practiced by several pre-Columbian South American cultures, including groups in the Nazca and Paracas regions. Paracas elongated skulls have been documented in Peruvian archaeological literature since the 1920s.

Carbon dating. The carbon-dating results Maussan presented were not independently verified and no lab report was produced at the presentation. Legitimate radiocarbon dating of mummified remains requires formal chain-of-custody documentation and peer-reviewed reporting — none of which was available.

Maussan's prior record. This was not Maussan's first alien mummy claim. In 2015 he presented at the National Press Club in Washington what he called evidence of an extraterrestrial body; that specimen was subsequently analysed by researchers at Stanford and identified as the remains of a malnourished human child. Maussan has been criticised by scientists and journalists across multiple cycles of this pattern.

The Archaeological Context: Pre-Columbian Mummification and Modification

Peru has one of the richest traditions of ancient mummification in the world. Pre-Columbian Andean cultures — including the Paracas, Nazca, Chinchorro, and others — practiced complex mortuary traditions that included artificial cranial deformation, mummy bundling, and the creation of composite funerary objects. The Paracas culture (900 BCE – 200 CE) is particularly well-known for cranial elongation, which was achieved through the application of boards or bandages to infant skulls and was a marker of social status.

Peruvian law prohibits the export of pre-Columbian remains. The provenance of the specimens Maussan presented — allegedly obtained from private collectors — raises serious legal questions under Peru's cultural patrimony statutes and the UNIDROIT Convention on Stolen or Illegally Exported Cultural Objects.

Why This Pattern Recurs

The alien mummy cycle recurs because several structural incentives converge:

• The specimens are physically unusual. Modified pre-Columbian remains, when removed from archaeological context and presented without explanation, are genuinely strange-looking to untrained eyes.
• The presentation venues are credibility-laundering mechanisms. A Congressional session, a National Press Club event, or a university-affiliated conference provides the appearance of institutional validation without requiring peer review.
• The international media cycle is fast. Initial photographs circulate before scientific analysis is possible; the debunking, when it comes, receives less coverage than the original claim.
• The claimants benefit commercially and reputationally within their community from each new cycle, regardless of the outcome.

Takeaway

The Nazca alien mummy claims of 2023 were debunked within weeks of their presentation by Peruvian forensic archaeologists and independent radiologists. The specimens were modified pre-Columbian human remains — bones of children rearranged and shaped to produce a non-human appearance. This follows an established pattern in Maussan's career and in the alien mummy genre more broadly. The genuine archaeological story of pre-Columbian Peru — its mummification traditions, cranial modification practices, and mortuary complexity — is rich enough to be worth studying on its own terms, without fabrication.