Vincent Muscat pleaded guilty in February 2021 (15-year sentence, later reduced). Alfred and George Degiorgio were convicted in October 2022 and sentenced to 40 years each — the longest murder sentences in Maltese legal history. The convictions are not in dispute.

Fenech, co-owner of the Electrogas consortium that Caruana Galizia had been investigating, was arrested on his yacht as he attempted to leave Malta. He was charged with complicity in ordering the murder. His trial is ongoing and he has implicated additional figures.

The public inquiry chaired by retired judge Michael Mallia concluded in July 2021 that the Maltese state bore responsibility for the conditions that enabled the assassination — specifically the culture of impunity and the failure to protect the journalist or provide legal remedy against harassment.

Prime Minister Joseph Muscat resigned in January 2020 following the political fallout from Fenech's arrest and the revelations about his chief of staff's connections to individuals under investigation. The resignation reflects the accountability pressure generated by the case.

At the time of her death, Caruana Galizia was actively investigating the Electrogas deal — a contract in which Fenech had a major financial stake — as well as Pilatus Bank and the Panama Papers Malta angle. The connection between her investigative targets and her accused commissioner is direct and documented.

The European Parliament has passed multiple resolutions calling for full accountability in the Caruana Galizia case. The European Commission has engaged rule-of-law monitoring of Malta. International press freedom organisations continue to monitor the case.

The bomb was hidden beneath the vehicle and detonated remotely. The technical sophistication of the device and the planning required to plant it are consistent with a commissioned killing rather than a random or opportunistic attack.

Whether additional senior figures above Fenech in the Maltese political or business establishment had foreknowledge or involvement in commissioning the killing remains legally open pending the outcome of Fenech's trial and any resulting proceedings.

Yorgen Fenech — owner of Tumas Group and 17 Black — was convicted as the mastermind of the assassination, with established motive rooted in Caruana Galizia's investigations into his business interests and the Electrogas power station contract. The Maltese courts established a commercial-grievance motive and direct commission of the murder. While the public inquiry found 'state responsibility' in creating conditions that enabled the crime, it stopped short of finding that government officials directly ordered or commissioned the assassination.

Joseph Muscat resigned as Prime Minister in January 2020 following public protests and the public inquiry's preliminary findings implicating his close associates. His resignation — and the subsequent resignations of his Chief of Staff Keith Schembri and minister Konrad Mizzi — represent political accountability through democratic pressure. A fully protected state conspiracy would not have produced ministerial-level resignations. The accountability, while incomplete and belated, demonstrates that institutional responses were not entirely suppressed.

Fenech, co-owner of the Electrogas consortium that Caruana Galizia had been investigating, was arrested on his yacht as he attempted to leave Malta. He was charged with complicity in ordering the murder. His trial is ongoing and he has implicated additional figures.

The public inquiry chaired by retired judge Michael Mallia concluded in July 2021 that the Maltese state bore responsibility for the conditions that enabled the assassination — specifically the culture of impunity and the failure to protect the journalist or provide legal remedy against harassment.

Prime Minister Joseph Muscat resigned in January 2020 following the political fallout from Fenech's arrest and the revelations about his chief of staff's connections to individuals under investigation. The resignation reflects the accountability pressure generated by the case.

At the time of her death, Caruana Galizia was actively investigating the Electrogas deal — a contract in which Fenech had a major financial stake — as well as Pilatus Bank and the Panama Papers Malta angle. The connection between her investigative targets and her accused commissioner is direct and documented.

The European Parliament has passed multiple resolutions calling for full accountability in the Caruana Galizia case. The European Commission has engaged rule-of-law monitoring of Malta. International press freedom organisations continue to monitor the case.

The bomb was hidden beneath the vehicle and detonated remotely. The technical sophistication of the device and the planning required to plant it are consistent with a commissioned killing rather than a random or opportunistic attack.

Whether additional senior figures above Fenech in the Maltese political or business establishment had foreknowledge or involvement in commissioning the killing remains legally open pending the outcome of Fenech's trial and any resulting proceedings.

Vincent Muscat pleaded guilty in February 2021 (15-year sentence, later reduced). Alfred and George Degiorgio were convicted in October 2022 and sentenced to 40 years each — the longest murder sentences in Maltese legal history. The convictions are not in dispute.

Yorgen Fenech — owner of Tumas Group and 17 Black — was convicted as the mastermind of the assassination, with established motive rooted in Caruana Galizia's investigations into his business interests and the Electrogas power station contract. The Maltese courts established a commercial-grievance motive and direct commission of the murder. While the public inquiry found 'state responsibility' in creating conditions that enabled the crime, it stopped short of finding that government officials directly ordered or commissioned the assassination.

Joseph Muscat resigned as Prime Minister in January 2020 following public protests and the public inquiry's preliminary findings implicating his close associates. His resignation — and the subsequent resignations of his Chief of Staff Keith Schembri and minister Konrad Mizzi — represent political accountability through democratic pressure. A fully protected state conspiracy would not have produced ministerial-level resignations. The accountability, while incomplete and belated, demonstrates that institutional responses were not entirely suppressed.